writing n9iiiiiiiiil li madkhalche yandam nhar 8/06/2010

Citizenship is membership in a society, community, city or town but now usually a country and carries with it to political participation; a person having such membership is a citizen. Citizenship status often implies some responsibilities and duties. It is largely coterminous with nationality although it is possible to have a nationality without being a citizen legally subject to a state and entitled to its protection without having rights of political participation in it); it is also possible to have political rights without being a national of a state. In most nations, a non-citizen is a non-national and called either a foreigner or an alien Citizenship , is membership in a society, community, city or town but now usually a country and carries with it to political participation; a person having such membership is a citizen. Citizenship status often implies some responsibilities and duties. It is largely coterminous with nationality although it is possible to have a nationality without being a citizen legally subject to a state and entitled to its protection without having rights of political participation in it); it is also possible to have political rights without being a national of a state. In most nations, a non-citizen is a non-national and called either a foreigner or an alien Citizenship,	What is the swine flu نفلونزا الخنازير Disease, swine flu and severe acute respiratory disease, infects pigs and is caused by one or more of the swine flu virus type A. This is a disease, usually of high morbidity rates and low mortality rates (1% -4%). And spreading the virus between pigs through the mist and direct contact, indirect and pigs turned out to be non-disease symptoms. And records of outbreaks of the disease in pigs throughout the year, with a high incidence in the autumn and winter seasons in temperate regions. And many countries tend to vaccinate pigs against the swarms of the disease is routinely --------- ------	Right of women حقوق المراة Nowadays we take it for 4granted that women have the same rights as men before the First World War few people believed this. As far as work was concerned there were jobs witch were regarded as women’s jobs and other witches were regarded as men’s jobs. Women’s jobs were generally lower paid as men’s. Men did almost all the heavy jobs in industry or in transport. Women had jobs like dress-making, cleanning or worked as servants. Women’s main role was as being to raise children and look for their home. Women were not expected to take position of leadership. Women were not even allowed to vote in elections. Before the war some women had been struggling to achieve greater equality with men. The most famous of these had been the suffragettes who staged a violent campaign against the government from 1905 to 1914 trying to achieve the right to vote. However, at the outbreak of war, the where still no near to success. Many men argued that women were unsuited to such responsibility that women could not be trusted to vote sensibly that women should not concern themselves with such male activities and voting. During the war many things changed -----------------------
	smoking When your parents were young, people could buy cigarettes and smoke pretty much anywhere - even in hospitals! Ads for cigarettes were all over the place. Today we're more aware about how bad smoking is for our health. Smoking is restricted or banned in almost all public places and cigarette companies are no longer allowed to advertise on buses or trains, billboards, TV, and in many magazines . Almost everyone knows that smoking causes cancer, emphysema, and heart disease; that it can shorten your life by 14 years or more; and that the habit can cost a smoker thousands of dollars a year. So how come people are still lighting up ! --------------------
		Television Television has became part of our every day life .what are its advantages and disadvantages On the one hand, TV has became the most influential means of the mass media because it has both sound and picture .it's also the most popular source of information education and international, in brief TV brings the whole word to us. One the other hand TV develops passive and lazy viewers .it also prevents communication between the members of the family besides students don't their homework and may became aggressive when they watch films of violence. War WAR is one of the wost crimes that people have ever made to the humanity. That’s why we should know why some ediot people can't stand leaving in peace because the best thing that can draw the smile on every one's face is the peace. but in reality we have a deferent image to the world, we see that no one want to respect the right of other or want's to enslave people or take there weal, and they make some silly reasons to get what they want exactly like what happend to our brothers in Iraq. War also create a very bad destarction and ruin in everywhere. And from the main point we can say that people in steam of burning world they have to learn how to leave in peace and create the happiness instead of hate and killing --------------- humor I think that the best things to relief from stress is to watch some sitcoms or hear something funny like jokes …person should develop his sense of humor and he should be cool , Comic and optimistic, because some expert of mental .health have noted that we can't imagine going through a day without laughter. Humor will make every part of your life better. It will help you trough difficult times and it will help you make the good times even letter, also i twill attract good people and good situations to you. So cheer up J *citizen right* 1. Every person has the right to have his or her affairs handled impartially, fairly and within a reasonable time by the institutions and bodies of the Union. 2. This right includes: · the right of every person to be heard, before any individual measure which would affect him or her adversely is taken; · the right of every person to have access to his or her file, while respecting the legitimate interests of confidentiality and of professional and business secrecy; · the obligation of the administration to give reasons for its decisions. 3. Every person has the right to have the Community make good any damage caused by its institutions or by its servants in the performance of their duties, in accordance with the general principles common to the laws of the Member States. 4. Every person may write to the institutions of the Union in one of the languages of the Treaties and must have an answer in the same language. Emmigration Morocco recently saw a migration of the population of cities and villages me especially in the last 50 years that happened Leone Morocco for independence . What are the reasons that drive housing villages to migrate to cities? And what are the causes of migrations out of the negative impact ? - There is a range of reasons why the villagers to the cities Tahgerh me among them lack even the most basic means necessary hospitals and transportation means Finding work Mestekareaulthossein circumstances of living ... ect . The result eased the congestion entire towns and neighborhoods Baladi shanties and Tahera begging and the use of young children Resulting from the whole circumcision eased some tragic scenes - Finally, I wish to state that changed everything in their power to stop the advance of the pious and out of control the situation . Working children Child labour is one of the problems that many countries face, there are various causes that drive children to work some of them drop out of school in order to help their poor or sick parents others have to work because they are orphans. In addiction some parents are ignorant they think education is a waste of time. Working children face a tough life; in factories and mines they work in bad conditions no fresh air, long hours they may be injured by machines they are also deprived of education and childhood Synopsis: International migration, the movement of people across international boundaries, has enormous economic, social and cultural implications in both origin and destination countries. Using original research, this title examines the determinants of migration, the impact of remittances and migration on poverty, welfare, and investment decisions, and the consequences of brain drain, brain gain, and brain waste .
Financial crisis الأزمة المالية The financial repercussions of the crisis resulting from the mortgage crisis, which surfaced in 2007 because of the failure of millions of borrowers to buy houses and real estate in the United States to pay their debts to banks. This led to a crisis for the American economy, reaching consequences to the economies of Europe and Asia in the process of throwing out a large number of major banks and international financial institutions. Failed by the hundreds of billions of dollars pumped into global financial markets to put an end to the crisis in mortgages, which has been brewing beneath the surface, even evolved into a global financial crisis, has made no secret of many officials fear that the global economic systems DASHES up and its implications to many parts of the world .
	Traffic p Pblems مشاكل المرور There are many dangers when driving in a big city , traffic jams , road rage, carjacking drive-by- shootings ,smash-and-grabs , accidents or purpose ambulance chasers , corrupt police , touring ,companies that can grab your car in ten seconds .the list goes on . Traffic jams are caused by drivers who tailgate and try to drive faster than the flow of traffic , when drivers merge at the last second , they have to step on their brakes , and that causes the tailgaters behind them to step on their brakes , roads rage occurs when someone loses self-control , some driver is going too fast , this causes a clash , there are many reasons behind the traffic jams problem . The latter can also be attributed to the road code, violation , speed and carelessness , other reasons such as natural factors are involved ,snow , obscurity, and rain are most of them , one other cause is the poor infra-structure . Understanding these very real dangers will help you learn how to avoid or prevent traffic problems .drivers should drive safely and learn to maintain self-control , the driver should be a street-wise so that he can take the necessary precautions .
Sustainable development Sustainable development is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the natural environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future. The term was used by the Brundtland Commission which coined what has become the most often-quoted definition of sustainable development as development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." [1] The field of sustainable development can be conceptually broken into three constituent parts: environmental sustainability , economic sustainability and social - political sustainability. Abstract Access to information in developing countries is limited. There are multiple reasons for this ranging from economic, social, cultural and political factors to lack of an adequate infrastructure that guarantees information flows within the country. In general, national governments have been in a priviledged position in most developing countries when it comes to getting information on speci fic developmental issues . ---------------------- woman and power It's true that Islam gave a great importance to woman in society and she is much more naturally than man. The modern world gave woman more opportunities, today she is equal with man in many fields, and for example she can participate in the political fields she can vote. Morocco has tried to reconcile the law of the Koran with the universal human rights laid down in the country’s Constitution. It has resulted in two sets of legislation - one that is open and liberal for matters relating to public law, and another that is closed when it comes to applying private law . We can say that woman play the major role in her society .the only way to be powerfully successful whether you are a man or woman is to be a good citizen ---------------------- *drop out of school* Increasing stress in school, at work, and at home has caused many students to drop out of school to escape their problems. With this increasing amount of stress and work, some students have become very frustrated and depressed. Students then drop out of school and take the easy way out to eliminate some of that stress. Students who are most likely to drop out of school are those who do not have a great interest in school, or students that have many adult responsibilities placed upon them. These problems can force some students into the work force. They do this both to provide money for themselves and to fill the gap that was once school. Students in high school do not have to deal with these problems alone. There are guidance counsellors to talk to, as well as close friends and teachers to prevent certain students from dropping out of school. Most students that have dropped out of school usually regret it after awhile. Margaret D., a student at G.V.C., regrets that she ever dropped out of school. Although she enjoyed being out of school, she realized she would regret it for the rest of her life. Margaret D. says, "I wasted a year of my life". Dealing with the stress and staying in school is generally worth it later on in life
	----------------------------- globalization العولمة Globalization refers to increasing global connectivity, integration and interdependence in the economic, social, technological, cultural, political, and ecological spheres. Globalization is an umbrella term and is perhaps best understood as a unitary process inclusive of many sub-processes (such as enhanced economic interdependence, increased cultural influence, rapid advances of information technology, and novel governance and geopolitical challenges) that are increasingly binding people and the biosphere more tightly into one global system. There are several definitions and all usually mention the increasing connectivity of economies and ways of life across the world. The Encyclopaedia Britannica says that globalization is the "process by which the experience of everyday life ... is becoming standardized around the world." While some scholars and observers of globalization stress convergence of patterns of production and consumption and a resulting homogenization of culture, others stress that globalization has the potential to take many diverse forms.
	international organization International Organization is a leading peer-reviewed journal that covers the entire field of international affairs. Subject areas include: foreign policies, international relations, international and comparative political economy, security policies, environmental disputes and resolutions, European integration, alliance patterns and war, bargaining and conflict resolution, economic development and adjustment, and international capital movements . Published on behalf of the International Organization Foundation Abstract Access to information in developing countries is limited. There are multiple reasons for this ranging from economic, social, cultural and political factors to lack of an adequate infrastructure that guarantees information flows within the country. In general, national governments have been in a priviledged position in most developing countries when it comes to getting information on speci fic developmental issues . Science, and technology The distinction between science, and technology is not always clear. Science is the reasoned investigation or study of phenomena, aimed at discovering enduring principles among elements of the phenomenal world by employing formal techniques such as the scientific method. Technologies are not usually exclusively products of science, because they have to satisfy requirements such as utility, usability and safety. Technology is often a consequence of science and engineering — although technology as a human activity precedes the two fields. For example, science might study the flow of electrons in electrical conductors, by using already-existing tools and knowledge. This new-found knowledge may then be used by engineers to create new tools and machines, such as semiconductors, computers, and other forms of advanced technology. In this sense, scientists and engineers may both be considered technologists; the three fields are often considered as one for the purposes of research and reference
Cultural values Groups, societies, or cultures have values that are largely shared by their members. The values identify those objects, conditions or characteristics that members of the society consider important; that is, valuable. In the United States, for example, values might include material comfort, wealth, competition, individualism or religiosity. The values of a society can often be identified by noting which people receive honor or respect. In the US, for example, professional athletes are more highly honored than college professors, in part because the society values physical activity and competitiveness more than mental activity and education. Surveys show that voters in the United States would be reluctant to elect an atheist as a president, suggesting that belief in God is a value. Values are related to the norms of a culture, but they are more general and abstract than norms. Norms are rules for behavior in specific situations, while values identify what should be judged as good or bad. Flying the national flag on a holiday is a norm, but it reflects the value of patriotism. Wearing dark clothing and appearing solemn are normative behaviors at a funeral. They reflect the values of respect and support of friends and family. Members take part in a culture even if each member's personal values do not entirely agree with some of the normative values sanctioned in the culture. This reflects an individual's ability to synthesize and extract aspects valuable to them from the multiple subcultures they belong to. If a group member expresses a value that is in serious conflict with the group's norms, the group's authority may carry out various ways of encouraging conformity or stigmatizing the non-conforming behavior of its members. For example, imprisonment can result from conflict with social norms that have been established as law.

internet The Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible network of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks , which together carry various information and services, such as electronic mail , online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked web pages and other documents of the world wide web . The USSR's launch of Sputnik spurred the United States to create the Advanced Research Projects Agency, known as ARPA, in February 1958 to regain a technological lead.[1][2] ARPA created the Information Processing Technology Office (IPTO) to further the research of the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) program, which had networked country-wide together for the first time. Air pollution air pollution can effect our health in many ways with a both short-term effects different groups of individuals are effected by air pollution in different ways .some individuals are much more sensitive to pollutants than are others. young children and elderly people after suffer more from effects of air pollution people with health problems such asthma .heart and lung disease may also suffer more when the air is polluted the extent to witch in individual is harmed by air pollution usually depends on the total to the damaging chemicals. The duration of exposure and the concentration of the chemicals must be taken into account. This s the end of paragraph I wish to benefit it ok Racism Racism or racialism is a form of race, especially the belief that one race is superior to another. Racism may be expressed individually and consciously , through explicit thoughts, feelings, or acts, or socially and unconsciously , through institutions that promote inequality between races . In the 19th century many legitimized racist beliefs and practices through scientific theories about biological differences among races. Today, most scientists have rejected the biological basis of race or the validity of "race" as a scientific concept. Racism, then, becomes discrimination based on alleged race. Racists themselves usually do believe that humans are divided into different races . There are two main definitions of racism today. One of them states that racism is dicrimination based on alleged race, the other - newer - one states that racism has started to include also discrimination based on religion or culture Human rights Human rihts are priviledes which are enjoyed by every human being.This concept developed from the Roman ideas of natural laws and advocates the equal and fair judement of the human being. Under the UN universal declaration of human rights adopted in 1948 people now are allowed to have the rights to life liberty education equality and the pursuit of happiness...for example the Amnesty international the largest human rights organisation in the world came up with many privileges amony which is the release of detained individuals anywhere in the world provided that they have not used or supported. On the other hand Ai advocates fair impartial and prompt trials for all prisoners political or not.It's international focus also includes the avoidance of war as well the abolishing of death penalty oand other cruel in human treatment of prisoners. illiteracy illiteracy is one of the most serious problems that threaten our world it is the source of all eviis that are ruining our society . That is poverty population growth and crimes Studies have shown that illiteracy is due to three main causes. Firstly there is less educational institution. That is government should spend more money on duilding schools and educational institution.Besides illiteracy is caused by people unconsciousness.For example mosl people in the countryside are nol convinced of their role to keep their children educated that only few of them get cheir children educated that only few of them get to school.instead they prefer to keep them for the farm work of the housework.Moreover illiterate people are not convinced of having small familles therefore the dirth rare is increasing To help solve the problem of illiteracy both prople and their govemment should co-operate people should be encouraged to cducatc thcir childrcn poverty Poverty is becoming a serious problems for many countries , it affects the whole society and delays the development of the country Poor families very often have health problems , because they have lot of children , parents are unable to provide medicine for them ,also they cant send them to school since schooling is expensive , they send them instead to work and bring them money , so when members of society are unhealthy or illiterate this affect the development of the country . Poverty is a serious problem, an enemy that government should fight by trying to make all members of society benefit from the resources of their country and work for its development . You inscribe to University I am writing to ask about opportunities to study interpreting in your university, I am Moroccan, aged 19, and I hop to pass my baccalaureate well . I want to become a Translator or interpreter in Arabic French and English , if I obtain a place at this university , my uncle who lives in Las Vegas ,will pay my expenses . My first language is Arabic, I have also French since the age of 9 , I speak it fluently , and I have a good reading and writing knowledge of it . My second foreign language is English, which I do not yet speak fluently, however. I can read it quite well and can write a certain amount . I also have a limited knowledge of Spanish . I should be grateful if you would send me details of your entrance equipments a copy of your prospectus and an application form .	DEAD YOUR FRIEND FATHER 1. Dear Ahmed, 2. Please accept my sincere condolences on the passing of your dear father. I am so sorry about your loss. 3. Although I never met your father, I know how much he meant to you. Through your stories of his frugality, his love of nature, and his loving support of you, I feel as though I knew him. I know he was a fine man and that his absence will be felt by many people. 4. When my father died, it gave me a good feeling to talk with people about him. I would enjoy hearing more about your father and his life if you would like to share memories when we get together. In the meantime, I will be thinking of you and your family.With deep sympathy عالمي للبيئة اسباب جعل يوم Experiencing the globe, from high rates of contamination in all parts of the world, trying to organizations and associations to protect the alert to this danger and work to reduce the aggravation of this phenomenon, which threatens the lives of so many human beings and their vulnerability to extinction, especially some species of animals, plants and marine resources in addition to the dangers that threaten the health man Life in the countryside Many people believe that life in the countryside is mush better than in the city ,well they are wrong , living in the countryside is really difficult ,going out at night , for instance , is useless since there is nowhere to go to enjoy oneself, another thing is that when a person falls sick it is difficult to find an ambulance to take him to the nearest hospital .another misconception is about pollution , the countryside is not wholly clean , the air we breathe is not as fresh as people think ,many houses are not connected to the main sewage ,and do you know that many factories exist in many villages رسالة تدعو فيها صديقك كي يقلع عن التدخين Dear Ahmed , How are you?Are you fine?I hope you enjoying your life. I heard that you had been smoking with your friends in the publics. I want to advise you that smoking can make your lungs dangerous. You should quit smoking.If your friends does not want to quit smoking let them be. I really do not want you have lungs cancer.Smoking can make you die.Smoking llooks cool but it will regret you.Believe me. I hope you will stop smoking.I hope you will not follow your bad friends. You can follow your good friends but not your bad friends.If you have lighter and cigrattes,please throw away that.If you cannot stop smoking,please kindly call the Quit Smoking Helpline. I hope to hear from you soon! Yours Sincerely, Mustapha Write about a happy or an unhappy event Life is full of good and bad events. As far as I am concerned, I had a terrible experience that I still remember and I always tell my friends about it. It was a Sunday evening when my family decided to visit my aunt. I refused to go with them because I had some homework to do. After doing my homework, I made a pizza, ate it and started revising my lessons. Suddenly, I heard a noise at the door. It seemed that somebody was trying to open the door. The door was forced open. I hid under the bed and I phoned my father, using my mobile phone. The burglars took what they could carry but my father came with the police who arrested them. The surprise was that the burglars were actually our neighbours who thought that no one was in the house. My family gave me due respect because I saved a lot of their things. I’m still proud of what I did.	women working There have been a lot of chages in our social life in the last decades .many more women working ,of course ,has the lifestyle of many families Many people are worried whether a carrer women can properly care for the children the advantage of women working women and men are equal and should also have the right have a job women should hlep in the devlopment of theircountry carrer mot her are usually educated and so can help their family the disadvantage of carrer women : women find ut difficult to take very good care of children while working out side they usually nturn home tired often a day 's work outside the also have to deal with the house work the are left with litter time to care for their childern . thes affect a lot the whole family ,and may cause problems for children at schol ....e bc . . finally i say that at taking good care children of women /mothers alonne man/father should also share this responsibility with their wives life is getting very expensive and women to help their family education Education encompasses teaching and learning specific skills, and also something less tangible but more profound: the imparting of knowledge, good judgement and wisdom. Education has as one of its fundamental goals the imparting of culture from generation to generation (see socialization ). Education means 'to draw out', facilitating realisation of self-potential and latent talents of an individual. It is an application of pedagogy, a body of theoretical and applied research relating to teaching and learning and draws on many disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, computer science, linguistics , neuroscience, sociology and anthropology . The education of an individual human begins at birth and continues throughout life. (Some believe that education begins even before birth, as evidenced by some parents' playing music or reading to the baby in the womb in the hope it will influence the child's development.) For some, the struggles and triumphs of daily life provide far more instruction than does formal schooling (thus Albert Einstein's admonition to "never let school interfere with your education"). Family members may have a profound educational effect — often more profound than they realize — though family teaching may function very informally Emmigration Morocco recently saw a migration of the population of cities and villages me especially in the last 50 years that happened Leone Morocco for independence . What are the reasons that drive housing villages to migrate to cities? And what are the causes of migrations out of the negative impact ? - There is a range of reasons why the villagers to the cities Tahgerh me among them lack even the most basic means necessary hospitals and transportation means Finding work Mestekareaulthossein circumstances of living ... ect . The result eased the congestion entire towns and neighborhoods Baladi shanties and Tahera begging and the use of young children Resulting from the whole circumcision eased some tragic scenes - Finally, I wish to state that changed everything in their power to stop the advance of the pious and out of control the situation Terrorism Terrorism is a term used to describe violence or other harmful acts . Terrorism expert Walter Laqueur in 1999 has counted over 100 definitions and concludes that the "only general characteristic generally agreed upon is that terrorism involves violence and the threat of violence". Most definitions of terrorism include only those acts which are intended to create fear or "terror ", are perpetrated for an ideological goal (as opposed to a "madman" attack), and deliberately target "non-combatants ". As a form of unconventional warfare , terrorism is sometimes used when attempting to force political change by : convincing a government or population to agree to demands to avoid future harm or fear of harm, destabilization of an existing government, motivating a disgruntled population to join an uprising, escalating a conflict in the hopes of disrupting the status quo, expressing a grievance, or drawing attention to a cause . The terms "terrorism" and "terrorist" (someone who engages in terrorism) carry a strong negative connotation. These terms are often used as political labels to condemn violence or threat of violence by certain actors as immoral, indiscriminate, or unjustified. Those labeled "terrorists" rarely identify themselves as such, and typically use other generic terms or terms specific to their situation, such as: separatist, freedom fighter, liberator , revolutionary, vigilante, militant, paramilitary, guerrilla, rebel, jihadi or mujaheddin, or fedayeen, or any similar-meaning word in other languages . Terrorism has been used by a broad array of political organizations in furthering their objectives; both right-wing and left-wing political parties, nationalistic, and religious groups, revolutionaries and ruling governments.The presence of non-state actors in widespread armed conflict has created controversy regarding the application of the laws of war . An International Roundtable on Constructing Peace, Deconstructing Terror (2004) hosted by Strategic Foresight Group recommended that a distinction should be made between terrorism and acts of terror. While acts of terror are criminal acts as per the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373 and domestic jurisprudence of almost all countries in the world, terrorism refers to a phenomenon including acts, perpetrators of acts of terror and motives of the perpetrators. There is a disagreement on definition of terrorism. However, there is an intellectual consensus globally that acts of terror should not be accepted under any circumstances. This is reflected in all important conventions including the United Nations counter terrorism strategy, outcome of the Madrid Conference on terrorism and outcome of the Strategic Foresight Group and ALDE roundtables at the European Parliament
Brain drain The migration of skilled individuals from developing countries has typically been considered to be costly for the sending country, due to lost investments in education, high fiscal costs and labor market distortions. Economic theory, however, raises the possibility of a beneficial brain drain primarily through improved incentives to acquire human capital. Our survey of empirical and theoretical work shows under what circumstances a developing country can benefit from skilled migration. It argues that the sect oral aspects of migration and screening of migrants in the receiving country are of major importance in determining the welfare implications of the brain drain. These issues, as well as the size of the sending country, duration of migration and the effect of Diaspora populations, should be addressed in future empirical work on skilled migration. Brain drain" is the phenomena whereby nations lose skilled labor because there are better paid Jobs elsewhere. In recent years, this has affected poorer countries more so, as some rich countries tempt workers away, and workers look to escape bleak situations in their poor home countries